Acquisizione competenze di sistema:Despite these advancements, translational research in thoracic malignancies faces several challenges. The biological complexity of these cancers, with their multiple subtypes and resistance mechanisms, complicates the development of universally effective treatments. Moreover, the path from discovery to clinical application is fraught with hurdles, including the high cost and time investment required for drug development and the ethical and regulatory considerations in conducting clinical trials. the future of translational research in thoracic malignancies is promising, with emerging technologies, single-cell sequencing, and artificial intelligence offering new avenues for discovery. Overcoming the current challenges will require innovative approaches, continued investment, and global collaboration among all stakeholders involved.